Spain has a rich tradition in art and has played a major role in the history of western painting. Spanish Golden Age was a period from the early 16th century to the late 17th century which saw the nation flourishing in arts and literature; and, among other things, becoming an important contributor to the European art world. The best known artists of this era are El Greco, Diego Velazquez, Zurbaran and Murillo. Francisco Goya, the most important Spanish artist of late 18th and early 19th centuries, is often considered as both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. Spanish artists have had an enormous impact on modern art with some of the most influential artists of the modern era including Joan Miro, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali all coming from Spain. Know more about the contribution of Spain to the art world by studying the 10 most famous Spanish artists and their most renowned paintings.
#10 Francisco de Zurbarán
Lifespan:
1598 – August 27, 1664
Movement:
Baroque
Chiaroscuro was an artistic technique first developed during the Renaissance in Italy. It is marked by the use of strong tonal contrasts between light and dark to model three-dimensional forms, often to dramatic effect. Francisco Zurbaran is known for the forceful, realistic use of chiaroscuro in his paintings. He was devoted to an artistic expression of religion and faith; and most of his best known works are religious paintings capable of evoking intense feelings of devotion. He also created several still life paintings including the renowned work Still-life with Lemons, Oranges and Rose. Along with El Greco and Diego Velázquez, Zurbaran is one of the most celebrated artists of the Spanish Golden Age.
Masterpiece: Saint Serapion (1628)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
The Crucifixion
1627
Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a Rose
1633
#9 Juan Gris
Lifespan:
March 23, 1887 – May 11, 1927
Movement:
Cubism
Juan Gris is one of the best known figures of the art movement Cubism, an influential movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. In Cubism the artwork is analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form; also it is depicted from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context. Unlike Picasso whose Cubist works were practically monochromatic; Gris created his paintings and sculptures with bright harmonious colors in daring, novel combinations. He later turned towards Crystal Cubism which emphasized on flat surface activity and large overlapping geometric planes. Juan Gris is the most famous Spanish Cubist artist after Picasso and he created some of the most important works of the movement.
Masterpiece: Portrait of Pablo Picasso (1912)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
Still Life with Flowers
1912
Violin and glass
1915
#8 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Lifespan:
December, 1617 – April 3, 1682
Movement:
Baroque
Before the appreciation of the art of Velazquez, Zurbaran and El Greco in the 19th century; Murillo was the most famous Spanish painter. He was not only the most celebrated painter in Spain but also one of the most famous artists in all of Europe. He had many pupils and innumerable followers; and his paintings were the most prized Spanish artworks. Esteban Murillo was most known for his religious paintings but he also created a number of lively realist paintings of flower girls, street urchins etc. which give a captivating account of everyday life in his times. His style was marked by sweetness and sentimentality in contrast to the darker art of his contemporaries.
Masterpiece: The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables (1678)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
Christ the Good Shepherd
1660
The Young Beggar
1650
#7 Joaquín Sorolla
Lifespan:
February 27, 1863 – August 10, 1923
Movement:
Impressionism
Impressionism was an influential art movement which originated in France and was marked by distinctive brush strokes, vivid colors, ordinary subject matter, candid pose and most importantly, emphasis on accurate depiction of light. Sorolla excelled in dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the sunlight of his native land, thus reflecting the spirit of Impressionism in many of his paintings. He is one of most productive Spanish painters. He created over 2000 paintings, primarily portraits; landscapes; and monumental works of social and historical themes. Joaquín Sorolla was one of the leading Spanish artists of his time and he is perhaps the most famous Spanish painter associated with Impressionism.
Masterpiece: Sad Inheritance (1899)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
Walk on the Beach
1909
Sewing the Sail
1896
#6 El Greco
Lifespan:
1541 – April 7, 1614
Movement:
Mannerism
Born Doménikos Theotokópoulos on an island in present day Greece, El Greco got his popular name due to his Greek origin. After building his early career in Italy, he migrated to Spain in 1577, where he produced his mature works. El Greco excelled as a painter of religious subjects but was also equally adept in portraiture and landscapes. His art is considered a precursor of both Expressionism and Cubism; and is so individualistic that art historians struggle to place him in any conventional school. His masterpiece, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, is a prime example of Mannerism, depicts a visionary experience and contains an impressive array of portraits. It is seen by art critics as the coming together of all the extraordinary attributes of his art.
Masterpiece: The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1588)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
View of Toledo
1600
Opening of the Fifth Seal
1614
#5 Joan Miró
Lifespan:
April 20, 1893 – December 25, 1983
Movement:
Surrealism
Surrealism was an influential art movement in the 20th century. Surrealist artists rejected rationalism and literary realism; and instead focused on channeling the unconscious mind to unveil the power of the imagination. Joan Miro was one of the first artists who developed automatic drawing to undo traditional techniques in painting, and hence, along with André Masson, represented the beginning of Surrealism as an art movement. His work is also considered a precursor to Abstract Expressionism and he is regarded as the forefather of that art movement. Hence Miro was an essential part of the two most dominant art movements of the 20th century. Internationally acclaimed during his time, Joan Miro is regarded as a towering figure in modern art.
Masterpiece: The Farm (1922)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
The Harlequin’s Carnival
1925
Blue II
1961
#4 Diego Velázquez
Lifespan:
1599 – August 6, 1660
Movement:
Baroque
Diego Velazquez was an important painter during his time and the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain. However, his popularity spread outside Spain only in the beginning of the 19th century when his artwork became a model for realist and impressionist painters. Since then Velazquez has been regarded as one of the most influential painters in European history and famous modern artists, including Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí and Francis Bacon, have paid tribute to him by recreating several of his celebrated works. The masterpiece of Velazquez, Las Meninas, has been described to represent the “theology of painting” and “the true philosophy of the art” by notable artists.
Masterpiece: Las Meninas (1656)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
Portrait of Innocent X
1650
Rokeby Venus
1650
#3 Francisco Goya
Lifespan:
March 30, 1746 – April 16, 1828
Movement:
Romanticism
Francisco Goya rose to prominence in the artistic scene through his series of tapestry cartoons and became the court painter to the Spanish Crown. He later developed a penchant for portrayals of a dark nature for which he is most known today. Known as his Black Paintings, they portray intense, haunting themes, reflective of both his fear of insanity and his bleak outlook on humanity. Goya is renowned for highly imaginative elements in his art and bold use of paint. His style became an inspiration for later generations of artists. Francisco Goya is regarded as the most important Spanish artist of late 18th and early 19th centuries; and one of the great portraitists of modern times.
Masterpiece: The Third of May 1808 (1814)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
The Nude Maja
1800
Saturn Devouring His Son
1823
#2 Salvador Dalí
Lifespan:
May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989
Movement:
Surrealism
Salvador Dali was the preeminent artist of the Surrealism movement and he created the most famous masterpieces of Surrealist art. His contribution to Surrealist painting include the paranoiac-critical method; in which the artist attempts to tap into his subconscious through systematic irrational thought and a self-induced paranoid state. Best known for his striking and bizarre images, Dali used extensive symbolism in his work. Recurring images in his paintings include elephants with brittle legs which evoke weightlessness; ants, thought to be his symbol for decay and death; and melting watches, perhaps symbolic of non-linear human perception of time. Salvador Dali was one of the most influential figures in modern art and perhaps the most renowned 20th century painter after Pablo Picasso.
Masterpiece: The Persistence of Memory (1931)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
Swans Reflecting Elephants
1937
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans
1936
#1 Pablo Picasso
Lifespan:
October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973
Movement:
Cubism
Demonstrating extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, Pablo Picasso went on to become the most influential artist of the 20th century. He broke the practices of the past and co-pioneered the art movement Cubism that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. His style changed over the course of his career as he experimented with different theories, techniques and ideas. Picasso was a prolific artist and, apart from creating a large volume of work in other media, he made around 1900 paintings in his long career. No artist has been as famous as him during his lifetime. Several of his paintings are among the most expensive ever sold but his most famous works are generally held by museums. Pablo Picasso is undoubtedly the most famous Spanish artist and many regard him as the greatest painter of all time.
Masterpiece: Guernica (1937)
Other Famous Works:-
ARTWORK
YEAR
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
1907
The Weeping Woman
1937
7 thoughts on “10 Most Famous Spanish Artists And Their Masterpieces”
i would go along with you that picasso is the best known and certainly the broadest of all Spainish artists. i would ask you to bump up velázquez as he certainly is the best painter. dalí would fit better in fourth place, the ultimate technician, with absolutely nothing to say. i applaud you on your other choices, especially jaun gris, a wonderful choice!
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i would go along with you that picasso is the best known and certainly the broadest of all Spainish artists. i would ask you to bump up velázquez as he certainly is the best painter. dalí would fit better in fourth place, the ultimate technician, with absolutely nothing to say. i applaud you on your other choices, especially jaun gris, a wonderful choice!
Thanks for your thoughts.